Srila Rupa Gosvami

The Instruction at Prayag

Ten unbroken days at the Dashashvamedha-ghat, in which Sri Chaitanya Mahaprabhu gave Rupa Gosvami the entire science of devotional rasa

Prayaga (Allahabad), recorded in Sri Chaitanya-charitamrita Madhya-lila 19

Rupa Gosvami and his younger brother Anupama reached Prayaga to find Sri Chaitanya Mahaprabhu already there, absorbed in ecstasy at the temple of Bindu Madhava, surrounded by crowds so large that the two brothers could only watch from a distance at first. It was at the home of a hospitable brahmana from the Deccan, where the Lord had gone for a meal, that Rupa finally approached — falling to the ground with straw between his teeth exactly as he had at Ramakeli. Sri Chaitanya Mahaprabhu called him forward at once: "Stand up! Stand up! My dear Rupa, come here."

DetailDescription
Location within PrayagaDashashvamedha-ghat, at the confluence of the Ganges and Yamuna
Duration of instructionTen consecutive days
Who else was presentAnupama; later, Vallabha Bhatta and Raghupati Upadhyaya
Central teachingThe seed, cultivation and fruit of devotional service (bhakti-lata-bija); the taxonomy of the five primary and seven secondary rasas
Recorded inSri Chaitanya-charitamrita, Madhya-lila, Chapter 19

An Ocean Given as a Single Drop #

Once settled at the Dashashvamedha-ghat, the Lord began an instruction unlike anything He is recorded to have given anyone else at such length. He told Rupa plainly that the ocean of devotional mellows could never be fully described, and that He would give him only a single drop of it — and then proceeded, over ten days, to lay out what would become the whole framework of Rupa's own later writing. He explained the living entity's minute, spiritual nature; the rarity of a soul fortunate enough to meet a bona fide spiritual master; and then, in words that have since become perhaps the single most quoted verse in the whole of Sri Chaitanya-charitamrita, the process by which that fortune ripens: "Out of many millions of wandering living entities, one who is very fortunate gets an opportunity to associate with a bona fide spiritual master by the grace of Krishna. By the mercy of both Krishna and the spiritual master, such a person receives the seed of the creeper of devotional service" (Madhya 19.151).

A Creeper That Must Be Weeded #

From that single seed the Lord built a longer comparison, almost like a lesson in gardening: the bhakti-lata-bija must be watered with hearing and chanting, protected from the mad elephant of offense against Vaishnavas, and weeded constantly of the unwanted growths — the desire for mundane profit, adoration, or even liberation — that spring up alongside it and choke it if left unchecked. Only a creeper tended this carefully, He explained, could climb past the material universe altogether and reach Krishna's own abode of Goloka Vrindavana, there to bear the fruit of prema, love of God. Having laid out this process, Mahaprabhu gave a definition of the goal itself that Rupa would later place, almost unchanged, at the opening of his own Bhakti-rasamrita-sindhu: devotional service rendered "favorably," free of any other desire and unobstructed by either fruitive knowledge or fruitive action (Madhya 19.167).

The Five Rasas and Rupa's Own Verse #

Over the remaining days the Lord went through the five primary devotional mellows — neutrality, servitude, friendship, parental affection and conjugal love — along with seven secondary emotions that color a devotee's relationship with Krishna, working systematically through examples from Vraja, Dvaraka and Vaikuntha alike. Early in this same meeting, before the formal instruction had even begun, Rupa and Anupama had already offered the Lord the prayer beginning namo maha-vadanyaya, addressing Him as Krishna Himself appearing in the golden color of Radharani (Madhya 19.53) — a verse still recited today wherever Gaudiya Vaishnavas gather. When the ten days finally ended and Sri Chaitanya Mahaprabhu prepared to leave for Varanasi, Rupa begged to accompany Him and could not bear the thought of separation; the Lord instead ordered him directly to Vrindavana, promising a further meeting later in Bengal. Rupa fainted at the parting. It was in that state — empowered, grieving, and carrying an assignment that would occupy the rest of his life — that he and Anupama turned east toward Vrindavana, while Krishnadasa Kaviraja Gosvami's own account of these ten days, composed decades later, remains the fullest record we have of what actually passed between them.

Scriptural sources for this pastime

namo mahā-vadānyāya kṛṣṇa-prema-pradāya te\nkṛṣṇāya kṛṣṇa-caitanya-\nnāmne gaura-tviṣe namaḥ

Word for word

namaḥ — obeisances; mahā-vadānyāya — who is most munificent and charitably disposed; kṛṣṇa-prema — love of Krishna; pradāya — who can give; te — unto You; kṛṣṇāya — the original Personality of Godhead; kṛṣṇa-caitanya-nāmne — under the name Krishna Chaitanya; gaura-tviṣe — whose complexion is the golden complexion of Srimati Radharani; namaḥ — obeisances.

"O most munificent incarnation! You are Krishna Himself appearing as Sri Krishna Chaitanya Mahaprabhu. You have assumed the golden color of Srimati Radharani, and You are widely distributing pure love of Krishna. We offer our respectful obeisances unto You."

Madhya 19.53 Sri Chaitanya-charitamrita

Rupa Gosvami's own famous prayer of obeisance to Sri Chaitanya Mahaprabhu, offered at their reunion at Prayaga just before the ten days of instruction began.

brahmāṇḍa bhramite kona bhāgyavān jīva\nguru-kṛṣṇa-prasāde pāya bhakti-latā-bīja

Word for word

brahmāṇḍa bhramite — wandering in this universe; kona — some; bhāgyavān — most fortunate; jīva — living being; guru — of the spiritual master; kṛṣṇa — of Krishna; prasāde — by the mercy; pāya — gets; bhakti-latā — of the creeper of devotional service; bīja — the seed.

"Out of many millions of wandering living entities, one who is very fortunate gets an opportunity to associate with a bona fide spiritual master by the grace of Krishna. By the mercy of both Krishna and the spiritual master, such a person receives the seed of the creeper of devotional service."

Madhya 19.151 Sri Chaitanya-charitamrita

The single most quoted verse of Sri Chaitanya Mahaprabhu's ten-day instruction to Rupa Gosvami at Prayaga, opening the famous simile of the bhakti-lata-bija.

anyābhilāṣitā-śūnyaṁ jñāna-karmādy-anāvṛtam\nānukūlyena kṛṣṇānu-\nśīlanaṁ bhaktir uttamā

Word for word

anya-abhilāṣitā-śūnyam — without desires other than for the service of Krishna; jñāna — by monistic philosophy; karma — by fruitive activities; ādi — and so on; anāvṛtam — not covered; ānukūlyena — favorable; kṛṣṇa-anuśīlanam — cultivation of service to Krishna; bhaktiḥ uttamā — first-class devotional service.

"When first-class devotional service develops, one must be devoid of all material desires, knowledge obtained by monistic philosophy, and fruitive action. The devotee must constantly serve Krishna favorably, as Krishna desires."

From the purport: "This verse is also found in Srila Rupa Gosvami's Bhakti-rasamrita-sindhu (1.1.11)."

Madhya 19.167 Sri Chaitanya-charitamrita

The Lord's own definition of pure devotional service, given to Rupa Gosvami at Prayaga and later placed by Rupa near the opening of his own Bhakti-rasamrita-sindhu.